EV charging · OCPP · Easee · Dynamic load management · KNX · 10 min read

EV Charging and KNX: Easee Equalizer OCPP, Dynamic Load Management and SG Ready

Integrating EV chargers with KNX building automation via OCPP enables PV surplus-driven dynamic current management — automatically increasing charge rate during solar export and reducing it when the building supply approaches its fuse limit, preventing costly supply upgrades while maximising self-consumption.

EU EV charging mandate and KNX DLM requirement

European regulation is driving mandatory EV charging provision across new and refurbished buildings, with dynamic load management (DLM) increasingly required to protect existing LV supply infrastructure. KNX building automation is well-positioned to provide the DLM control signal.

EU AFIR and EPBD mandates

  • EU Regulation 2023/1804 (AFIR): EV charging infrastructure mandated at commercial car parks from 2025 — minimum 1 charger per 10 spaces for buildings >5 spaces
  • EU EPBD 2024 revision: EV-ready conduit infrastructure mandatory for new residential buildings with parking, active charging for non-residential from 2027
  • UK PAS 1899:2022: EV charging standard requiring active load management and smart charging capability for installations above 7.4 kW total

BREEAM Tra 03 EV credit

  • Provide EV charging for ≥ 10% of car park spaces: 1 credit
  • EV charging for ≥ 40% of spaces: additional credit (Outstanding)
  • Active DLM required for full credit — passive provision scores less
  • BREEAM assessor evidence: OCPP installation certificate, DLM capability demonstration, BMS connectivity (KNX integration satisfies BMS requirement)

Easee Home and Easee Charge: hardware overview

Easee is a Norwegian EV charger manufacturer whose products implement OCPP 1.6J natively, making them straightforward to integrate with any OCPP-compatible charge point management system (CPMS) or open-source client such as EVCC.

ModelPowerPhasesOCPPNotes
Easee Home7.4 kW1-phaseOCPP 1.6J23mm DIN-rail, Wi-Fi + Bluetooth, Type 2 socket, indoor/outdoor IP54
Easee Charge22 kW3-phaseOCPP 1.6J3-phase 32A, Type 2 socket, commercial car parks, networked
Easee Equalizer3-phaseSeparate DIN-rail current sensor unit — measures L1/L2/L3 building current and auto-limits Easee chargers via Easee cloud

Easee Equalizer vs KNX DLM: the Easee Equalizer provides standalone DLM without KNX — it measures building main supply current and automatically reduces EV charge current to prevent overload. However, it has no awareness of PV surplus. Adding KNX integration via EVCC gives the system PV surplus data from the Fronius Modbus gateway, enabling active current increase during solar export hours — which the Equalizer alone cannot provide.

OCPP to KNX integration via EVCC

OCPP (Open Charge Point Protocol) version 1.6J operates over WebSocket — either to the Easee cloud or to a local CPMS. The most practical open-source integration path for KNX buildings uses EVCC (EV Charge Controller) running on a local server, connecting to both the Easee charger (OCPP) and the Fronius inverter (Modbus TCP), then publishing state to Home Assistant which forwards control signals to KNX.

Integration architecture

Fronius inverter (Modbus TCP) ──────────┐
                                          ├──→ EVCC (local server)
Easee charger (OCPP 1.6J WebSocket) ───┘       │
                                                ↓
                               Home Assistant (EVCC add-on)
                                                │
                               HA KNX integration (XKNX library)
                                                │
                               KNX TP bus → GA for EV current limit

Hardware options for EVCC server:
  Raspberry Pi 4 (4GB): EVCC + Home Assistant OS (recommended)
  Synology NAS: Docker container (EVCC Docker image)
  Home Assistant Green: ready-made HA hardware with EVCC add-on

EVCC configuration (evcc.yaml):
  chargers:
    - name: easee_home
      type: easee
      user: <Easee app email>
      password: <Easee app password>
  meters:
    - name: fronius_pv
      type: fronius
      uri: http://<fronius-ip>

Dynamic load management: current control logic

With EVCC connected to both the Fronius inverter and the Easee charger, dynamic current adjustment responds to PV surplus in near-real-time. The Fronius grid power register (GA 9/0/1 in KNX) drives current increase and decrease decisions.

DLM control loop (EVCC / KNX logic)

Poll cycle: every 30 seconds

If GA 9/0/1 (Grid Power) < −2000W (export surplus > 2 kW):
  → Calculate new EV current:
     current_A = surplus_W ÷ 230 (single phase, Easee Home)
  → Clamp to range [6A, 16A] (OCPP standard limits)
  → Send OCPP ChangeConfiguration: maxChargingCurrent = current_A

If GA 9/0/1 > −500W (surplus dropped below 500W):
  → Reduce EV current to minimum: 6A
  → Wait 60 seconds before next increase (hysteresis)

If GA 9/0/1 > +500W (building importing > 500W):
  → Reduce EV current toward minimum (supply shortage)
  → Easee Equalizer simultaneously limits via hardware DLM

Note: minimum OCPP current is 6A (1.38kW single phase)
  If PV surplus < 1.4kW → suspend EV charging entirely
  Resume when surplus exceeds 1.4kW for 2 consecutive minutes

Charging current formula

Converting PV surplus power to OCPP current setpoint requires knowing whether the charger is single-phase or 3-phase. The formula is different for each configuration.

Current setpoint calculation

Single-phase (Easee Home, 230V):
  current_A = surplus_W ÷ 230

  Example: surplus 3680W → 3680 ÷ 230 = 16A (maximum for 7.4kW)
  Example: surplus 1840W → 1840 ÷ 230 = 8A

3-phase (Easee Charge, 400V):
  current_A = surplus_W ÷ (√3 × 400) = surplus_W ÷ 692

  Example: surplus 13840W → 13840 ÷ 692 = 20A
  Example: surplus 4152W  → 4152 ÷ 692 = 6A (minimum 3-phase)

OCPP current limits:
  Minimum: 6A (below this, most EVs stop accepting charge)
  Maximum single-phase: 16A (Easee Home 7.4kW)
  Maximum 3-phase: 32A (Easee Charge 22kW)

Vehicle acceptance: some EVs (older Renault Zoe, early Nissan Leaf)
  require minimum 8A or 10A — configure EVCC minimum accordingly

Phase imbalance consideration: a single-phase EV charger drawing 16A on L1 creates 16A imbalance on a 3-phase supply. In buildings with a 3-phase main supply, Easee Equalizer monitors all three phases independently and limits per-phase current — preventing neutral overload from single-phase EV chargers while allowing other phases to carry their full load.

Wallbox Pulsar Plus: alternative charger

The Wallbox Pulsar Plus is a frequently specified alternative to Easee, offering OCPP 1.6J over Wi-Fi and the same EVCC integration path. Wallbox Power Boost (a separate clip-on current sensor) provides hardware DLM equivalent to the Easee Equalizer.

Wallbox Pulsar Plus

  • 7.4 kW single-phase or 22 kW 3-phase
  • OCPP 1.6J over Wi-Fi (cloud or local)
  • EVCC supported charger (wallbox type)
  • Mybox app for local configuration
  • IP54, compact wall-mount design

Wallbox Power Boost

  • Clip-on CT sensor on main supply cables
  • Communicates with Pulsar Plus via Wi-Fi
  • Hardware DLM without needing KNX signal
  • No integration with PV inverter (supply protection only)
  • Use alongside EVCC for full PV + DLM control

Simple KNX binary output for basic EV chargers

For EV chargers without OCPP support, a KNX binary output relay controlling the charger enable input (or a contactor in the charger supply circuit) provides on/off control based on PV surplus. This approach lacks intermediate current adjustment but is simple to implement with any KNX-compatible binary output module.

Binary output relay control logic

Enable condition:
  GA 9/0/1 (Grid Power) < −1400W (surplus > 1.4kW = 6A minimum)
  AND GA 9/1/0 (Battery SOC) > 20%
  → KNX binary output ON → charger enable relay closes
  → EV charger activates at configured maximum current

Disable condition:
  GA 9/0/1 > −1000W (surplus below 1kW)
  OR GA 9/1/0 < 15%
  → KNX binary output OFF → relay opens → charger pauses
  → 3-minute hysteresis (avoid rapid on/off cycling)

Relay specification:
  KNX binary output: MDT BE-04.01 or ABB SA/S 4.6.2.1
  Relay rating: ≥ 16A for 7.4kW charger supply contactor
  Use contactor for charger supply (not pilot wire) where
  possible — pilot wire interruption may cause charger errors

OCPP preferred over relay control: the relay approach provides on/off PV management only, whereas OCPP allows 11 intermediate current steps between 6A and 16A single-phase. With OCPP, a 3.5 kW surplus charges the EV at a matching 3.5 kW rather than wasting the surplus to the grid while waiting for the full 7.4 kW threshold. EVCC on a Raspberry Pi (approx. EUR 80 hardware) is a small investment relative to the lifetime value of improved self-consumption.

Combined SG Ready and EV priority logic

When both a heat pump with SG Ready and an EV charger with OCPP are present, the KNX logic controller must allocate PV surplus across both loads intelligently. The following priority table distributes surplus across the available controllable loads.

PV surplusEV charge currentSG Ready stateCondition
< 1.4 kWSuspended (< 6A minimum)State 2 (normal)Insufficient for EV minimum current
1–3 kW6A (1.38 kW)State 2 (normal)EV minimum only — heat pump not triggered
3–6 kW10A (2.3 kW)State 3 (encouraged)EV increases + heat pump SG Ready activated
> 6 kW16A (3.68 kW)State 4 (maximum)Both loads at maximum; battery charging remaining
Any, SOC < 20%SuspendedState 2 (normal)Battery priority — suspend EV, normal heat pump

MDT Logic Module nested condition implementation

Logic channel 1: Battery low guard
  IF GA 9/1/0 (SOC) < 20%
  → set internal flag "battery_priority"

Logic channel 2: EV enable
  IF GA 9/0/1 < −1400W AND NOT battery_priority
  → GA for EVCC current setpoint = surplus_W ÷ 230

Logic channel 3: SG Ready State 3 trigger
  IF GA 9/0/1 < −3000W AND NOT battery_priority
  → SG Ready S2 output ON (State 3)

Logic channel 4: SG Ready State 4 trigger
  IF GA 9/0/1 < −6000W AND NOT battery_priority
  → SG Ready S1 AND S2 output ON (State 4)

Logic channel 5: Battery priority release
  IF GA 9/1/0 > 30% → clear battery_priority flag

BREEAM Tra 03 compliance documentation

BREEAM Transport credit Tra 03 awards credits for EV charging provision, with additional weight for active dynamic load control demonstrating building management system integration. The following documentation package satisfies BREEAM assessor evidence requirements.

BREEAM Tra 03 evidence package

Required documentation for BREEAM assessor:

1. EV charging provision schedule:
   Table: space number, charger model, power (kW), OCPP version
   Confirm: ≥10% of spaces (Excellent) or ≥40% (Outstanding)

2. OCPP installation certificate:
   Easee commissioning report showing OCPP 1.6J enabled
   EVCC connection log showing charger status: Connected

3. Dynamic load management evidence:
   EVCC configuration showing max_current adaptive mode
   Fronius Modbus integration configured (grid power input)
   Screenshot: EVCC dashboard showing current varying with PV

4. BMS connectivity evidence:
   KNX ETS6 project extract showing GA for EV current limit
   EVCC → Home Assistant → KNX integration configuration
   ETS6 Group Monitor log: GA updates as PV surplus changes

5. Commissioning test record:
   Date, engineer name, test steps and measured results
   (per commissioning test sequence below)

Commissioning test sequence

The commissioning test sequence verifies every element of the integration chain — from OCPP connectivity through to KNX group address updates — and produces the test record required for BREEAM assessor evidence.

Five-step commissioning verification

Step 1 — OCPP connectivity:
  Open EVCC web UI → Loadpoints
  Plug EV (or OCPP test plug) into Easee charger
  Confirm status: Connected / Charging
  EVCC logs: [INFO] easee: connected via OCPP 1.6J

Step 2 — Manual current limit test:
  Set EVCC minimum current: 6A
  Confirm EV accepts charge at 6A
  Verify in Easee app: Charging at 6A / 1.4kW
  Increase EVCC limit to 16A → confirm Easee app shows 16A

Step 3 — PV surplus test (on a sunny day):
  On a day with clear sky and EV connected:
  Observe EVCC dashboard — current should increase as
  Fronius GA 9/0/1 drops (more surplus)
  Log: initial current 6A → 10A by 11:00 → 16A by 12:30

Step 4 — DLM test (Equalizer overload protection):
  Switch on major resistive loads (electric heaters)
  Until main supply L1 current approaches fuse rating (63A)
  Verify: Easee Equalizer reduces EV current automatically
  Confirm in Easee app: current reduction event visible

Step 5 — KNX verification:
  ETS6 Group Monitor — monitor GA for EV current limit
  Confirm GA value updates as EVCC changes current setpoint
  Record: timestamp, surplus power, OCPP current, GA value
  → Provide as BMS connectivity evidence for BREEAM

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